Process of making gas.



H. L. DOHERTY.

PROGESS OF MAKING GAS. APPLICATION FILED was, 1907. 'ssnnwnn JULY 6, 1908 91 1,869. A 1 "Patented Feb. 9, 1909,

2 BHEB-TB-SHEET 1 WITNESSES: INVENTOR.

,, H na zgo BY 5 4mm not H. L. 'DOHERTY.

PROCESS OF MAKING GAS. APPLIOATIOH ,PIL'ED FER.8, .1907. RENEWED JULY 6, 1908.

91 1,369. Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

IV] TIVESSLSJ H gEIVTOR. 6 6

' York, in the county of use the same.

UNETED snares semina series,

HENRY L. DOHERTY, or NEW YORK, N. .Y.

rnocnss or MAKING GAS.

. no. emcee.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L. DonnnTY, a citizen of the UnitcdStatcs, residing at New New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Gas; and i do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact .description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and This invention relates to processes of making gas and consists in a method of making water gas from. ignited fuel by a succession of alternate air and steam treatments, the air treatment being so conducted as to accumulate a maximum of sensible heat in the fire bed, and the steam treatment prolonged for a greater period than is customary; of using the sensible heat of the products escaping from the particular air'blow stated to heat a refractory region; and of enriching said water gas produced in the steam treatment in such refractory region by misted oil; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

specification of Letters Patent. Application filed February 8, 1907, Serial No. 356,413.

in the art of making water gas it is customary to blow a deep bed of ignited fuel alternately with air and with steam, the first blow being soconducted as to yield a gas with a large amount ofCO; generator gas. In making such enerat r gas about 30 per cent. roughly, of the total heat of combustion of the carbon burned is evolved,

part going away with the generator gas and part being stored u) in the mass of fuel. This stored heat in the fuel compensates for the chilling and endothermic action of the steam in the steam blow and allows the production of water gas. during which it is possible to introduce steam and make water gas from the bed of fuel depends on the amount of heat stored up in it during the air blow. By introducing air under accelerated blast and comparativr-ely high pressure the combustion in the producer can be made complete instead The length of time of partial as heretofore; and. even with a deep bed of fuel the coal may be completely burned to 0 in lieu of (10, thereby evolving in the fuel in the producer the full hun- I drcd per cent heat yielded by the combustion Y of carbon. in order to secure thiscomplete combustion, l have discovered, there should be avelocit of draft corres ondin to a difforential pr ssure between the twyers and Patented Feb. 9, 1909. Renewed July 6, 1908. Serial No. 442,249.

the gas outlet of the producer, of not less than 5 inches per vertical foot of coal in the producer. This may be afforded by a blast pressure between 1 and'5'pounds. Burning of carbon to monoxid and to dioxid isan exothermic reaction and like all exothermic reactions -is comparatively rapid. On the other hand reduction of GO, to CO in the formation of generator gas, is an endothermic reaction and requires considerable time comparatively. Therefore by s )eeding the air blast through the mass of fue at a rapid rate, I can secure complete combustion into CO With such a complete combustion the -amount of heat accumulating in the coal is. enormously increased for a given time of blow, or, conversely, tion of heat the time of air blow may be much reduced, and the amount of coal burned to make comparatively useless enerator gas or products of complete com 911stion may be materially reduced. Air irltroduced under the described pressure, effectuprOducer and produces penetration through all ignited fuel.

In the manufacture of enriched Water gas f'or, illuminating purposes, it is customary in the art to conduct the enerator gas formed in the ordinary air blow. into a checkerwork of refractory material and there burn it to heat said checkerwork by admitting air. Its sensible heat and the heat of combustion together cooperate to heat the refractory chcckerwork to an intense degree. N cglccting the influence of the sensible heat of the generator gas for the moment, it only he said-that in this ordinary procedure, roughly 30 per cent. of the heat of the carbon which has formed carbon monoxid is developed. in the roducer and per cent. in the checkerworli. Through the heated checkcrwork, in this ordinary process the Water gas of tho steamblow is passed, oil of some kind being simultaneously introduced into the checkerwork chamber through a nozzle or spray, usually so directed as to secure direct contact of the oil and theheated refractory material. The oil on contact with the hot refractory material is cracked with development of less carbonaceous hydrocarbons, more or less frec carbon being usually deposited. These less carbonaceous hydrocarbons are cracked and recracked or fixed in their passage through the hot checkerwork in company with the ally prevents all channelingin the fuel of the a substantially even parts of the mass of for an equal accumulafirst portions of chcciiorrmrir I,

i per on i water gas, us occurs i carbon in the form of light M: hens in the gas. 1 have mutii of this waste can be mo results secured by ruiuniu at a, lower host and im ro hiicm s ociai. amiportr inaryproccduro 0 speck, too violins are too cot and tom rather than or i methodical inoiussr.

, drown f uso in, tho counnoii procedure, can I. Y

L 1 pioysii iii. this im 'iiiou.

While the zoiuuiou prov so use oils i-cizuii iou' in Lions or carbon, i'ar Loo much 11o pc iuu i,

"Nil

f L ouics lil i 'l v n tum uv Wubhii; iilii 21-410 1 ijo uoducc Uiiltif'lib curbui ever, in practice is c R l H le necessary mini i 'i'o prouucc the ucsiiiibio luuoiuuivi ii usual manner, with formation of coiu 'i-srsi WET/i112; iii {3m iliibi' ug (ii tivcly large dropici'zs running; iio m ti -y ifivc rli men-11 ii i iiliff'lli, x:

oi two intersecting jcis of oii, iuucdi rs, and n10 fog chamber mmimicu oi chs chociie-rworii chuuibm. 'ihi iii The limitations of this pro over hcctoforo prsciuricii many cheap and other geous heavy il i 1; in Y expend choir iii w, t roieum residues, 3 other with {he productic if halt oils, and the his v or Tog. The pro. i h1 b i d oil introduced. shouiii ho much char in the or i 500 pounds, this depending; during in the form. oi KQR :augic oi orifices and upon i i 5:, or bodies into a reiativciy o I the oil. jiuy oii which is Bob s misim! lighter, more expensive 0% which coiiccts in izs-i 'ihio drops shmsii cssarv. I i ht and removes h'cm tho. chzuu wr for Inihc present method, pr xmicic I'Cillci'OiiUiLiiOIL is not dvimhh- U19. i (he; combustion in the wiw .7 siriiiow, ii-i g produccd should 11' the sensible heat oi gaseous roiiuc s drops oi imigihio sizc. escaping though c,mpzirotii'ciyio under such rsssurc, the oii cute to heat tho ohcokerwori: to the iioii quantity to cause any grout morozucui grec witizowbprochciiig the undue to the fog oiion atmosphere in the fo choir;- tui'c csusod by burnii'ig gcucmtor g? bi and spccioi incmis must; bc is j w! in, particula ly hen sh c ousc such fog to ciiici' the chi; is introduced thorium ii :1. ps1 rm", c'icckoru'ork. This mos is como J giving indofinitciy inc 'iuziiioix. sicmu or g ii iroiiuccii into the fog i'igz xau m' some in the form oi min. opic d ii such quantity to cause 1; sumhio no through the wu'zcr gas bci'orc .7 inch \i srii mowuicut oi such for; 1 u

asscd through (he solids skr-rumi'ii, At this .ih'oiiuciiou of a fog of iiIBOiV iiViLiiii oil o owcr heat, ii thooii is in 2% mix 1r suspouriod in on iiiil'iUSiiiit'IQ of z-iir o: formly and tiioroughiy istrihu isciui in iuiuiy arts, 'ihough pzuiicu iui the Water and wiih czuh oi V. us. F01 instauicc, such a ios i oii r droplets si'zrrouniimi by tho i :1 .1 in. tho rip u' ;ipiiiuio onioui or" sir water gas, in is c' xvii? i i. by t be used for fading in'tcz'uui muuhusiiou sensibb :imi radiumimatirouiihc ".uyucixorj i Is, uni ihc i'ug iii-auxmatcrizil, Without iicpositiou 1 much or i i is to time as iilil cu carbon; without such sooiiu or rhuri'ii: in i The i'og onco prmiucori 1: occurs when it is ticked on and in couinwt m Such. c fog n'niy 1 with the hosted roiructory inmoriui as in i purposcs. common method. 'iho fog oi oii and 'wsurr i To copiiuiuiq my 1'15 1 gas, tho latter of which is iargroi i orgiruim c sioi'ioi' and carbon monoxid rcacis 1i i use ui sud together coo r the production of much more i. enriched Wstcr gas in. fall '1 z; u: wi

nomical manner. in this succession of steps, the gas producer is blown with an accelerated draft of air in such manner as to pro duce products of combustion in lieu of gen erator gas; and these products-used to heat a checkerwork to a comparatively lowtemperature by sensible heat. Aiter blowing up the producer as stated, it is run with steam, the produced water .gas passed through the checkerwork and there carbureted with oil or tar nristed into and thoroughly admixed with said water gas 'as a fog prior to entering thecheckerwork proper.

In the accompanying illustration is shown, more or less diagran'miatically, certain apparatus of the many types adapted to carry out the described process.

In this showing, Figure -1 isa view, partially in elevation and partly in vertical sec' apparatus; and Fig. 2 is tion of one form of a similar view of a modified form.

In Fig. 1, element 1 IS a blower lurnishing I air to conduit 2 from which it may be delivered through outlets 4 and 5,1'01 pure a gas producer of with an internal poses later described. 6 is ordinary type, provided gate 7, and delivering gas Connected to this outlet is taining a checkerwork IQ of refractory inatcrial. This, checkerwork does not com- )letely '1ill the chamber, av comparatively ia'ge free space 11 being left-above it. Connecting with this free space through ,inlet 12, provided with valve 13, is'a misting or fog chamber 141, removed 1' our the heat in the checkerwork chamber. Entering the upper portion of this misting chamber is an oil pipe 15, provided with twin nozzles, 16, set as here shown, at such a'relative angle that the jets impinge on eachother, causing the misting action of introduced oil, in the manner described. Drain pipel? at the base 01' the a chamber 9, conchamber provides for the removal oi any drops of oil of appreciable size. The oil thus removed may of course be reintroduced. As the amount of oil introduced in forming a fog in 1 this comparatively large chamber would not suliice to pi'oduce an eflicient forw' rd movement of said fog,

In Fig. 2, the operation is subst-antially the same save that the water gas from the producer is itseh used to produce the forward movement of the oil fog from the misting chamber, the misting chamber bein' placed between, the producer and rhec erwork chamber and a special by pass being-{prothrough outlet 8.

v steam pipe 18 is provided with a nozzle '19 within the chamber to produce such forward 1novement.

vided for the hot products of complete combustion from the producer so: that they need not pass through such mistingcharnber and heat it unduly. In. F ig. 2, conduit 32 furnishes air to outlets 33, 34 and 35 for pur poses later described. 36 is a gas.producer. Gas leaves the producer througn the gas conduit 37, valved by 38, and provided with a bypass 3i) valved at 40. Avalve 41 in the gas conduit is connected to operate in unison with valve 40, but to close when valve 40 opens, and vice versa. Between the two valves in the gas conduit is a misting elran n ber 42, provided with oil introducing pipe 43 and drain pipe 4;}. Returning to the description of the producer, this is provided with a steam pipe 45 arranged to introduce steam either above or below the fuel at 46 and 47 respectively. Supplementary gas conduit flS, valved at 41-1, allows gas to be drawn off from the bottom of the producer wh the latter is run with steam introduced above the iuel, and sent into the main gas conduit. The main gas conduit bdyulrd the misting chambeiwdelivers gas into the free space 50 of a checker-work chamber 51, similar to that in F ig. 1 and thence through 52 into a second checkerwork chamber 52).

By reason of the supplemental air connections 4 and 5. in Fig. 1 and 34 and 35 in F ig. 2, the apparatus sLown can be run in the ordinary way, combustible 'as being formed ,in the producer and burned in the two checkerworks, if in any emergency it should he so desired. The misted oil is advantageous in such ordinary operation also. But I prefer to keep these supplemental air connections closed and run the producer under-accelerpreferred e gas in In conducting the process i'nthc way, with the apparatus of Fig. 1, during the air blow stage, valve 13 is kept closed and introduction of carrying stehin through 19 is discontinued. -When the producer is. run with, steam, the valve 13 is opened and carrying,steam sent into the misting chaniber. With the apparatus of' Fig. 3, the. products of combustion formed during the air blow are-by-passed around the misting chamberby During running with ated draft, as described, to produce products gas therein than hydrogenation of the said;

'complete combustion l'rom the producer downdraft, supplemental gas conduit -18.

and do not go through the fog chemier,

is secured l y the described met 10d of operatsteam the water gas produced is introduced into themisting chamber by 37, but us the cross-section of this chamber is much larger than that of conduit, the velocityol' pslss'ing gasis much slnckencd in transit therethrougi, producing .1- goutle forward movement which permits thorough incorporation of gas sud log end does not prevent descent of any comparatively gross oil globules whichmoy be formed. llv will be noted that the misting nozzles are placed Well above the axis of conduit In the operation oi the producer, it is sometimes deemed better to alternate updraft and downdraft in the water stage of the operation and steam inlets 46 Mill permit this. in the updraft operation, t main conduit is employed; in l both forms of apparatus own, t con a-tor is zille to lice the misting or to chainler at or comps ively low tempersture, the compoatii ely hot products of during the air blasting not passing through it. This is desirsile'in the process of the present invention since it is prelerutle to form the fog of oil prior to applying heat to it to eerlourct the water gas, high heat having a tendency to separate earl on from compur stively large drops ol the heavy oils which are generally employed. For this ison before opp-lying the carburctin host in the checlierivorli it is preferztlle to lorm fog of excessively minute droplets first, c-ttrefully removing all. droplets of sensil is size. In the structure of Fig. 1 the misting or tog chaml. er is completely removed from the path of the gases from the producer and the fog ,only introduced into the meter gas current otter its formation While in the structure of Fig. 2, the very hot products of complete combustion are sl'iunted through c ltyisss leaving only the cooler water gas to pass therethrough.

' -l'orliingw 'h an oil such is produced in the present invention it is also desirable that the checkerworlr. chzunber, wherein the real carbureting is done, should operate at alo'wer temperature than is customary. Such a lower temperature therein ing the producer to secure complete coinl ustion therein and heating the (tllGChcI'WOI'li only ly the sensille heart of the products of complete combustion instead of burning gen-- orator gas therein as is usual, the particular way of running the producer and particular way of producing an oil log cooperating and enollling the monul'acturc of good gas from comparatively sinoll qu entities of comparatively cheap heavy or terry oils; oils lutlrcrto deemed uns'uite is for eruichiug gas. It is desireblethet the eh clcorworlr he a. com- 1 poratively low temperature, which is socured by producing complete combustion in the producer, that a good permanent oil fog be produced and thoroughly intermixed with the water to form n log of infinitely line droplets of suspended oil and that this fog be exposed to the comparatively low tempcratiue of the checkcrwork. And it is undesirable that this log be exposed to any very high heat while still containing comparatively large drops of oil as such drops would char with production of carbon. T object of the process is to hydrogenote heavy oils lay heating them in a line fog in the presence of hydrogen rather than to decarbonizc by heating to a cnarring heat.

ll hat I claim is: A i l. The process of inching water gas which consists in blowing up a producer with an accelerated oir draft current introduced at such pressure sud speed as to form substenvlly only carbon dioxid in the producer, ssiog the products ol' complete combusso formed through a refractory region to heat the same to comparatively low tempcreture by the sensible heat of such products of complete combustion, running the uoducer with a draft current containing steam, admixing the thus produced writer gas with a fog of mistedoil free of droplets of.

sensible size, droplets of sensible size being settled out of said fog and removed prior to any cracking action upon the s:tn1e, and then assing' the log of water gas and oil through the hosted refractory region to curburet said gas.

2. The process of making water gas which consists in blowing up a. producer with on accelerated oir draft current introduced at such pressure and speed as to form substam tielly onl carbon dioxid in the producer, passing tne products of complete combustion so formed through a refractory region to heat the same to a comparatively low temperature by the sensible heat of such prodnets of complete combustion, running the producer with c. drolt current containing steam to roduce water gas, misting heavy oil to produce a log free of droplets of sensible size, droplets of sensible size being settled out of said leg and removed prior to any cracking action upon the some, admixing such log with the water gas and then passing the log of water gas and oil through the heated refractory region to corburct said gas.

3. The process of making water gas which consists in blowing up a producer with an accelerated air draft current introduced at such pressure and speed as to form substantially only carbon dioxid in the producer, 'iassing' the products of complete combustion so formed through a refractory re gion to heat the some to a comparatively low temperature by the sensible heat of such products of combustion, running the producer With a draft current containing steam, producing a-fog Ofmistedoil free of droplets of sensible size, dro lets of sensible size being settled out of said 0g and removed prior to any cracking action upon the same, admixing such fog Withthe Water gas in regulated amounts and then assing the fog of water gas and oil througli the heated refractory region to carburet said gas.

4;. The process of making Water gas which consists in blowing up a producer With an accelerated air draft current, introduced at such pressure and speed as to form substantially only carbon dioxid, passing the products of complete combustion so formedthrough a refractory regionto heat the same to a comparatively low temperature, running the producer with a draft current containing steam and carbureting the thus produced water gas in the refractory region y a fog of misted oil produced by crossing jets of oil introduced under pressure of'over 30 pounds.

5. In the carbureting of Water gas, the

process which consists in producing a fog of misted oil free of droplets of sensible size, 'droplets of sensible size being settled out and removed prior to any cracking action upon the same, mixing said fogwith water gas and passing the admixed gas and. fog through a heated refractory region tocarburet said (i. In the car-bursting of water gas, the process which consists in producing a log ol misted oil in a comparatively large ch amber,

allowing said leg to remain in said chamber in a comp ratively slow-moving state to permit gross particles of oil to settle out, removing such gross particles for re-int roduction, mixing the fog which has been freed of droplets of sensible size with Water gas which consists in misting oil by spraying said oil under heavy pressure mto a com- I paratively cool chamber, producing a for- Ward movement of the fog thus produced out of the chamber into the gas to be can bureted by separate introduction of a gase oiis vehicle into the chamber and separately removing droplets ol sensible size.

8. In the carbureting of gases, the process Whicheonsists in misting oil by spraying said oil under heavy pressure into a comparatively cool chamber, producing a forward movement of the fog thus produced out of the chamber into the gas to be carbureted by separate introduction of portions of steam and eparately removing droplets of sensible size.

9. In the carbureting of gases, the process which consists in misting oil by spraying said oil under heavy pressure into a chamber in crossing jets, removing drops of oil of sensible size from said chamber and producing a forward movement of the oil-fog in the chamber by separate introduction of a gaseous vehicle into said chamber.

10. In the process of making enriched Water gas, the process which consists in blowing up a gas producer with an accelorated air d raft current, introduced at such pressure andspeed as to form substantially only carbmrdioxid in the producer, passing the products of complete combustion thus formed through a checkerwork to heat the same to a comparatively low temperature, running the producer with a draft current containii'lg steam, producing an oil-laden fog free of droplets of sensible size in a chamber by crossing jets, admixing a portion of'such fog with the water gas formed in the steam blow and passing the mixture through the heated checkerwork.

In testimony whereof I all ix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

HENRY L. .DOHER-TIY.

Witnesses:

FLETCHER I. Soormrn; F. A. CHAMBERLAIN. 

